object relations have A key role in psychoanalytic approach. Thus providing a persian version of a scale to assess object relations is helpful for elaborating empirical studies in this approach. the aim of the present study is to investigate validity, reliability, and factorial structure of the Persian version of the Bell object relations inventory (BORI). convenience sampling is used to select 558 students from the university of Tehran. First, by the method of translation-back translation, the Persian version of BORI is prepared. then BORI and defense mechanism questionnaire (DSQ) are completed by the sample. Data analysis is performed by using of Pearson correlation coefficients, parallel, and exploratory factorial analysis. Factorial analyses show four factors named egocentricity, alienation, insecure attachment, and social incompetence. Cronbach Alpha and split-half coefficients are 66/0-77/0 and 60/0-77/0, respectively. significant correlations between object relations and defense mechanisms shows convergent and divergent validity of BORI. Accordingly, the reliability and construct validity of the Persian version of BORI are confi rmed. Therefore, BORI for psychological research among Iranian samples is suitable.

objectives: The current study aimed at a preliminary investigation of validity and reliability of Bell object relations and Reality Testing inventory (BORRTI). Method: A total of 141 (88 females and 53 males) students from Honar University (Tehran, Iran) were selected based on a convenience sampling method and assessed by BORRTI and the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) questionnaires. Data was analyzed by Pearson correlation method.Results: There were significant correlation among all subscales of BORRTI and all components of SCL-90-R (p≤0.001). The BORRTI reliability by test-retest within 21 weeks interval was from 0.78 for delusion and hallucination subscale to 0.65 for uncertain perception. Besides, alpha Cronbach for subscales was from 0.66 for social incompetency to 0.82 for alienation.Conclusion: The Persian version of BORRTI was suitably valid and reliable in assessing two constructs of object relations and reality testing.

Introduction: Depression is the only common psychiatric disorder that women are twice as likely to suffer from men. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between various aspects of anger and depression in women through mediation of object relations and Igo's empowerment. Methods: The present study is descriptive-correlational. 250 women aged 20 to 45 years old living in Tehran who had been referred to the emergency department of Roozbeh and Imam Hossein hospitals were selected by convince sampling method. Participants filled out Bell object relations and Reality Testing inventory” , the “ Beck Depression inventory” , “ Spielberger's State-Trait Anger Expression inventory-2), and “ three Minnesota Multiphasic Personality inventory-2 supplementary scales, namely Hostility, Overcontrolled-Hostility and Ego Strength” . Validity and reliability have been confirmed in previous studies. Data was analyzed by SPSS. 20. Results: The chi-squared result is about 3 degrees of freedom, and RMSEA is equal to 10. 0, which represents a good fit pattern. The criteria of GFI = 0. 99, AGFI = 0. 79, NFI = 0. 99 and NNFI =0. 92 fit the model appropriately (P < 0. 01). In general, the proposed conceptual model has a good fit; some of the paths in particular are from external expression, internal expression, internal control, external control, extreme hostility, anger, anger and hostility to depression by mediating alienation, attachment Insecure, social incompetence, self-knowledge and Igo's ability were meaningful. Multiple correlation coefficient showed that 87% of variance of depression can be explained through the proposed model. Conclusions: The components of anger and hostility through the mediation of Igo's empowerment and the components of the relationship of the subject, can predict 87% of women's depression. Therefore, therapeutic planning for women with depression and prevention programs for depression with regard to these components is suggested.

the purpose of this study was to investigate the roles of object relations and defense mechanisms in predicting social anxiety. The sample of 558 students were selected from the University of Tehran by convenience sampling method. The participants completed Bell object relations inventory (BORI; Bell, Becker & Billington, 1986), Defense Styles Questionnaire (DSQ; Andrews, Singh & Bond, 1993) and Social Phobia inventory (SPIN; Connor, et.al, 2000). The results indicated that social anxiety is significantly correlated with object relation dimensions (i.e., egocentricity, alienation, insecure attachment and social incompetence) and mature defense styles (suppression and humor). The correlations between social anxiety and all immature defense styles were significant except the correlation with denial. The results of step by step regression indicated that social incompetence, insecure attachment, autistic fantasy, dissociation and passive aggressive were the most important predictors of social anxiety. The findings empirically supported psychodynamic explanations about psychopathology, and also indicated the roles of object relations and immature defenses in social anxiety.

Introduction: Having healthy interaction and establishing love and expressing intimacy with each other is one of the manifestations of social life. The purpose of the present study was to predict love based on object relations and the quality of parental relationships among the students of Kashan universities in 2019. Methods: The present research was carried out by descriptive-correlation method. The statistical population included all students of Islamic Azad University, Kashan branch, in undergraduate and graduate degrees in 2019. Sampling was done in a non-random and convenience method. Using Morgan's table, 384 people were selected. The instruments used for the demographic questionnaire were "Sternberg's Triangular Love Scale", "Bell object relations inventory" and "Quality of relationships inventory". The validity and reliability of the instruments were limited to previous researches. The data was analyzed in SPSS. 22. Results: object relations and its components have a significant negative correlation with the total score of love and can predict it (P<0. 05). Also, the total score of object relations has the power of predicting different sub-scales of love (intimacy, commitment and passion) and their correlation is also inverse. The correlation of the total score of the quality of parents' relationships with the total score of love and its subscales is not meaningful and does not have the ability to predict them. But each of the quality components of parents' relationships (conflict, social support, relationship depth) can predict the total love score. Conclusions: object relations and its components have a significant negative correlation with the total score of love and have the ability to predict it. The total score of the quality of parents' relationships has no significant correlation with the total score of love and its subscales and does not have the ability to predict them. But each of the quality components of parents' relationships can predict the total love score. It is suggested to hold psychological and educational classes before marriage and counseling during and after marriage.

Introduction: Suicide is a serious public health problem that happens in all cultures and eras. Suicide ideation and suicide attempt can be influenced by many factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between childhood trauma and suicide ideation by mediating role of mental pain and object relations. Methods: The research method was descriptive-correlational. Accordingly, 371 students of Islamic Azad Universities of Tehran were selected by multistage cluster sampling. In order to collect data, "Childhood Trauma Questionnaire", "Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation", "Orbach & Mikulincer Mental Pain Scale" and "Bell object relations inventory" were used. The validity of the instruments was limited to previous studies and the reliability was performed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data were analyzed using SPSS. 22. and Amos V. 23. Results: The evaluation of hypothetical model with fit indexes demonstrated that the hypothetical model fits the measurement model (CFI=0. 95, NFI=0. 95, and SRMR =0. 072). The results showed that childhood trauma correlates with suicide ideation both directly and indirectly through mental pain and object relations. Conclusions: Mental pain and object relations play a mediating role in the relationship between childhood trauma and suicide ideation. It is suggested that the present findings be used in developing preventive and therapeutic interventions on suicide ideation and suicide attempt.

this study aimed to compare the object relations and Integrative Self-knowledge between officially married couples and cohabitants. The statistical population of this causal-comparative study included all officially married and cohabitant couples between 18 to 40 years old living in Iran in 2021. 120 men and women were selected by convenience sampling method and filled out Bell object relations inventory (Bell, 2007) and Integrative Self-knowledge Scale (Ghorbani, Watson & Harges, 2008). To analyze the data of this study, multivariate analysis of variance was applied. The results indicated that there was no significant difference in object relations and Integrative Self-knowledge components between cohabitants and officially married couples. Findings of this study can contribute to better psychological understanding of this emerging phenomenon in the transitional society of Iran, resolve partly the basic contradictions in the results of recent researches and open new horizons for future studies.